FAA Instrument Flight Instructor (FII)Instrument RegulationsHard
While flying a nonprecision approach in IMC, a CFII asks a client what conditions must exist before descending below the MDA to land straight-in, per 91.175(c). Which of the following is one of the required conditions?
- AAt least one of the specified visual references for the runway must be distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot
- BThe aircraft must be at least 500 feet above the touchdown zone elevation
- CATC must issue a specific clearance authorizing descent below MDA
- DThe flight visibility must equal or exceed the ceiling reported by the destination ATIS
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. At least one of the specified visual references for the runway must be distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot
91.175(c) requires that the aircraft be continuously in a position to make a normal descent, flight visibility not be less than the minimum prescribed, and at least one of the specified visual references for the runway (such as approach lights, runway markings, threshold, or REIL) be distinctly visible and identifiable.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. There is no specific height-above-touchdown requirement listed among the three conditions of 91.175(c).
- C. No separate ATC clearance is required specifically to descend below MDA once conditions are met.
- D. Flight visibility is compared to the published minimum, not to the reported ceiling.
Straight-In Landing Requirements (91.175(c))
Before descending below the MDA or DA on a straight-in approach, the pilot must meet three conditions relating to descent position, visibility, and visual reference.
- Aircraft must be continuously in a position to make a normal rate of descent to landing.
- Flight visibility must not be less than the minimum prescribed for the procedure.
- At least one specified visual reference (approach lights, threshold, runway markings, REIL, VASI, etc.) must be distinctly visible and identifiable.
Memory trick: 'Position, Visibility, Visual Reference' — the 3 keys below minimums.