FAA Instrument Flight Instructor (FII)Instrument RegulationsMedium

A CFII is acting as safety pilot for a private pilot practicing simulated instrument approaches in a Cessna 172 while wearing a view-limiting device. The safety pilot holds only a private pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land rating and no instrument rating. Under 14 CFR 91.109(c), is this arrangement legal?

  1. ANo, the safety pilot must be a certificated flight instructor
  2. BYes, the safety pilot only needs the appropriate category and class rating for the aircraft
  3. CYes, but only if the flight remains in visual meteorological conditions the entire time
  4. DNo, the safety pilot must hold an instrument rating
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B. Yes, the safety pilot only needs the appropriate category and class rating for the aircraft

14 CFR 91.109(c)(1) requires the safety pilot to hold at least a private pilot certificate with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft being flown; an instrument rating is not required for the safety pilot.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. A CFI certificate is not required to act as a safety pilot.
  • C. The requirement is about certification, not the weather conditions during the flight.
  • D. An instrument rating is not required for the safety pilot role.

Safety Pilot Requirements (91.109)

When one pilot uses a view-limiting device, a safety pilot must occupy the other control seat, hold at least a private pilot certificate with appropriate category and class ratings, and have adequate vision forward and to each side.

  • Minimum: private pilot cert with correct category/class rating
  • No instrument rating required for the safety pilot
  • Must occupy the other control seat with adequate visibility

Memory trick: 'Safety pilot just needs the wings, not the hood.'

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