FAA Flight Instructor Airplane (FIA)Flight Maneuvers and EndorsementsHard

A commercial pilot applicant is rolling out of a 45° bank steep turn on the practical test. To roll out precisely on the entry heading, the applicant should begin the rollout by leading the desired heading by approximately:

  1. ATwice the bank angle
  2. BOne-tenth of the bank angle
  3. COne-half of the bank angle
  4. DThe full bank angle
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C. One-half of the bank angle

A commonly applied rule of thumb for rollout timing is to lead the desired heading by an amount approximately equal to one-half the bank angle used, so for a 45° bank the pilot begins rolling out about 20°-25° before reaching the entry heading.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Twice the bank angle is excessive and would result in a large heading undershoot.
  • B. Leading by only one-tenth the bank angle would cause the airplane to overshoot the heading significantly.
  • D. Leading by the full bank angle would cause the rollout to begin far too early, undershooting the heading.

Steep Turn Rollout Lead

To roll out precisely on a target heading, a pilot begins the rollout before reaching that heading by an amount approximately equal to half the bank angle in use.

  • Rule of thumb: lead = about 1/2 the bank angle
  • For 45° bank, lead rollout by roughly 20-25°
  • Prevents overshoot of the entry heading
  • Applies broadly to turns to headings, not just steep turns

Memory trick: 'Half the bank, start the lag' — lead the roll-out by half your bank angle.

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