Microsoft Azure Data Fundamentals

Azure Cosmos DB's MongoDB API allows developers to interact with Cosmos DB using MongoDB client drivers and tools, providing a globally distributed, multi-model database service with the flexibility of the MongoDB document model.

• Compatible with existing MongoDB applications and tools.
• Offers flexible schema for diverse and evolving data.
• Provides global distribution and high availability.

An API for Azure Cosmos DB that provides wire protocol compatibility with Apache Cassandra, enabling easy migration of existing Cassandra applications.

• Supports Cassandra Query Language (CQL).
• Leverages Cosmos DB's global distribution and scalability.
• Ideal for migrating existing Cassandra workloads to Azure with minimal code changes.

A database object that provides fast lookup of data in a table, similar to an index in a book. It speeds up data retrieval operations on a table at the cost of additional storage and slower data modification operations.

• Improves query performance, especially for WHERE clauses and JOINs.
• Can be clustered (sorts and stores data rows) or non-clustered (separate structure).
• Should be created on frequently queried or joined columns.

A service for storing large numbers of messages that can be accessed from anywhere in the world via authenticated HTTP or HTTPS calls.

• Decouples application components.
• Provides at-least-once message delivery.
• Highly scalable and cost-effective for message queuing.

The lowest-cost storage tier for Azure Blob Storage, optimized for rarely accessed, long-term data with flexible latency requirements.

• Lowest storage cost, highest retrieval costs.
• High latency for data retrieval (hours).
• Ideal for compliance, backups, and long-term archives.

Read Replicas in Azure Database for PostgreSQL allow you to scale out read-heavy workloads by creating read-only copies of your primary database.

• Improves read scalability and performance.
• Asynchronous replication from primary.
• Can be created in the same or different regions.

A column property in SQL Server (and Azure SQL DB) that automatically generates unique, sequential numeric values for a column when new rows are inserted.

• Automatically generates unique numbers
• Values are typically sequential
• Often used for primary keys

A fully managed cloud database service that provides near 100% compatibility with the latest SQL Server database engine, suitable for lift-and-shift migrations.

• Near 100% SQL Server compatibility
• Supports SQL Server Agent, cross-database queries, DTC
• Fully managed PaaS service

A feature in Azure Cosmos DB that enables all configured regions in a globally distributed account to accept both read and write operations.

• Enhances global write availability and reduces write latency.
• Requires careful consideration of conflict resolution policies.
• Provides active-active distribution for write operations.

A NoSQL key-value store service in Azure for storing large amounts of structured, non-relational data with low cost and high scalability.

• Stores entities (rows) with properties (columns).
• Part of Azure Storage account, offering high availability.
• Ideal for simple data models, log data, and user data that doesn't require complex joins or foreign keys.

The CASCADE referential action automatically deletes or updates dependent rows in the child table when the corresponding parent row is deleted or updated.

• Maintains data consistency.
• Automates deletion/update of related records.
• Can be powerful but requires careful design to avoid unintended data loss.

Microsoft's globally distributed, multi-model database service for mission-critical applications.

• Guarantees single-digit millisecond latency at the 99th percentile.
• Supports multiple APIs: SQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, Gremlin, Table.
• Offers five well-defined consistency models.

Azure Blob Storage is Microsoft's object storage solution for the cloud. It is optimized for storing massive amounts of unstructured data, such as text or binary data.

• Stores unstructured data (blobs) like images, videos, audio, documents.
• Highly scalable to petabytes of data.
• Accessible via HTTP/HTTPS from anywhere in the world.

Using Azure Blob Storage to store and serve large unstructured media files (videos, audio, images) for applications like streaming platforms.

• Highly scalable for petabytes of data.
• Offers high availability and durability.
• Integrates well with Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) for global low-latency access.

A highly scalable and cost-effective data lake solution built on Azure Blob Storage, optimized for big data analytics.

• Provides a hierarchical namespace for file system semantics.
• Offers file-level security and POSIX-compliant ACLs.
• Optimized for Spark, Hadoop, and other big data analytics engines.

A fully managed, highly compatible SQL Server database engine service in Azure, designed for lift-and-shift migrations of on-premises SQL Server workloads to the cloud.

• Near 100% SQL Server compatibility.
• Automated backups, patching, and high availability.
• Offers a private network environment for enhanced security.

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition in a SQL query.

• Filters rows before aggregation.
• Applies to individual rows.
• Uses comparison operators (e.g., =, >, <, LIKE, BETWEEN).

A core capability of Azure Cosmos DB that allows your data to be replicated across any number of Azure regions worldwide, providing low-latency access and high availability.

• Replicates data across multiple Azure regions.
• Ensures low-latency data access for users globally.
• Provides high availability with automatic failover during regional outages.

Different cost-performance tiers for storing unstructured data in Azure Blob Storage.

• Hot: frequently accessed, higher storage cost, lower access cost.
• Cool: infrequently accessed (min 30 days), lower storage cost, higher access cost.
• Archive: rarely accessed (min 180 days), lowest storage cost, highest access cost.

A system that provides fine-grained access management to Azure resources, including Storage accounts, by assigning roles to Azure Active Directory identities (users, groups, service principals).

• Integrates directly with Azure Active Directory (AAD).
• Grants permissions based on predefined or custom roles.
• Enforces the principle of least privilege.

A deployment option for Azure Database for PostgreSQL that automatically scales compute capacity based on demand and pauses billing during periods of inactivity, optimized for intermittent and unpredictable workloads.

• Automatic compute scaling based on workload.
• Pauses billing during inactivity.
• Cost-effective for intermittent workloads.

A feature in Azure SQL Database that encrypts the entire database, backups, and transaction log files at rest, providing encryption without application changes.

• Encrypts data at rest (database files, backups, logs).
• Transparent to applications (no code changes needed).
• Managed by the Azure SQL Database service by default.

A fully managed relational database service in Azure that provides built-in high availability, automatic backups, and patching.

• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Minimal administrative overhead
• High scalability and availability

A LEFT JOIN (or LEFT OUTER JOIN) returns all records from the left table, and the matching records from the right table. If there is no match, NULLs are returned for the right side.

• Includes all rows from the 'left' table.
• Includes matching rows from the 'right' table.
• Returns NULL for right-table columns if no match.