Computer-Based Test (CBT)
An exam administered via computer at a testing center.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Free knowledge base
Certified Medical Assistant (CMA AAMA) — key terms, tricks & tips
Everything from the course in one searchable place: 313 entries. Use it to review before a practice test or look up a word you forgot.
313 results · showing first 300, refine your search
Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ)
A question with several answer options, only one of which is correct.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Content Outline
A document detailing the topics and their weighting on an exam.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Scaled Score
A statistically adjusted score that accounts for exam difficulty variations.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Domain
A major content area or section of the exam.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Pretest Questions
Unscored questions used for future exam development.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Prometric
A company that administers standardized tests, including the CMA AAMA exam.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
CMA AAMA Exam Format and Structure
Remember 'G-A-C' for the three main content domains: General, Administrative, Clinical. Like 'Get A Certification!'
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
CMA AAMA Exam Format and Structure
The CMA AAMA exam consists of 200 multiple-choice questions to be completed in 160 minutes. A scaled score of 400 is required to pass. The exam is divided into General, Administrative, and Clinical domains.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
CMA AAMA Exam Format and Structure
Not understanding the time limit per question, leading to rushing or running out of time.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
CMA AAMA Exam Format and Structure
Ignoring the content outline and studying topics disproportionately to their exam weight.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
CMA AAMA Exam Format and Structure
Panicking over unscored pretest questions, not realizing they don't count towards the final score.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Active Learning
Engaging with material through critical thinking and application.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Passive Review
Absorbing information without active engagement, like re-reading.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Time Management
Strategically allocating time to tasks or exam questions.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Elimination Strategy
Removing incorrect answer choices to narrow down options.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Self-Care
Practices to maintain physical and mental well-being.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Study Plan
A structured schedule for preparing for an exam.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Effective Study and Test-Taking Strategies
For 'Study SMART': **S**chedule, **M**aster content, **A**ctive recall, **R**eview often, **T**ake care of yourself.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Effective Study and Test-Taking Strategies
The CMA AAMA exam assesses your ability to apply knowledge, not just recall facts. Look for questions that describe a scenario and ask for the 'best next step' or 'most appropriate action.' These require critical thinking and application of learned principles.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Effective Study and Test-Taking Strategies
Only re-reading notes or textbooks without active engagement.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Effective Study and Test-Taking Strategies
Cramming all studying into the last few days before the exam.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Effective Study and Test-Taking Strategies
Neglecting sleep and proper nutrition during the study period.
Getting Started: Understanding the CMA Exam
Vital Signs
Measurements of body's basic functions.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Pyrexia
Medical term for fever.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Pulse
Heart rate, rhythm, and strength.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Respiration
Breathing rate, rhythm, and effort.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Blood Pressure
Force of blood against artery walls.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Systolic Pressure
Pressure during heart contraction.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Diastolic Pressure
Pressure when heart rests.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Hypertension
Consistently high blood pressure.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Accurate Vital Signs Measurement & Documentation
Remember 'TPR BP' for Temperature, Pulse, Respiration, Blood Pressure. Think of them as the 'TeMPeRature' of your 'Body's Power'!
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Accurate Vital Signs Measurement & Documentation
The exam often emphasizes proper technique for blood pressure measurement, including correct cuff size selection and patient positioning. Know the normal adult ranges for all vital signs, as well as the immediate actions for critical deviations.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Accurate Vital Signs Measurement & Documentation
Using an incorrect blood pressure cuff size (too small gives falsely high reading, too large gives falsely low).
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Accurate Vital Signs Measurement & Documentation
Not allowing patient to rest before taking blood pressure.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Accurate Vital Signs Measurement & Documentation
Documenting findings before actually taking the measurement or forgetting to document site/position.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Chief Complaint (CC)
The primary reason the patient is seeking medical care.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Subjective Data
Information reported by the patient, such as symptoms or feelings.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Objective Data
Measurable and observable facts, such as vital signs or lab results.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Review of Systems (ROS)
Systematic inquiry about symptoms in all major body systems.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Active Listening
Fully concentrating on what is being said, both verbally and non-verbally.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Rapport
A close and harmonious relationship in which people understand each other.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Demographics
Statistical data relating to the population, e.g., age, gender, address.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Comprehensive Patient History Collection & Review
Remember the 7 components of a history with 'My CHIEF PAST FAMILY SOCIAL SYSTEM': Chief Complaint, History of Present Illness, Past Medical History, Family History, Social History, Review of Systems.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Comprehensive Patient History Collection & Review
The AAMA exam emphasizes the importance of patient confidentiality (HIPAA) throughout the history collection process. You must know that protected health information (PHI) includes all identifying data and health information.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Comprehensive Patient History Collection & Review
Failing to use open-ended questions, leading to incomplete or yes/no answers.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Comprehensive Patient History Collection & Review
Interrupting the patient or not actively listening to their full story.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Comprehensive Patient History Collection & Review
Documenting subjective statements as objective facts without proper attribution.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Triage
Process of prioritizing patients based on urgency.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Emergent
Life-threatening or limb-threatening condition; immediate care needed.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Urgent
Serious condition, but not immediately life-threatening; prompt care needed.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Non-urgent
Minor condition; can wait for routine appointment.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Chief Complaint
The main reason for the patient's visit.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Prioritization
Determining the order of importance for patient care.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Patient Triage Principles and Prioritization
Remember 'E-U-N': Emergent (Emergency!), Urgent (Uh-oh, see soon!), Non-urgent (No rush, wait!).
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Patient Triage Principles and Prioritization
The AAMA exam often presents scenarios requiring you to identify the correct triage level (emergent, urgent, non-urgent) and the appropriate immediate action. Look for keywords indicating severity: 'sudden,' 'severe,' 'difficulty breathing,' 'loss of consciousness' for emergent; 'worsening,' 'persistent,' 'high fever' for urgent; 'mild,' 'chronic,' 'routine' for non-urgent.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Patient Triage Principles and Prioritization
Underestimating the severity of a patient's symptoms, especially over the phone.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Patient Triage Principles and Prioritization
Providing medical advice or diagnosis during triage instead of just assessing urgency.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Patient Triage Principles and Prioritization
Failing to document the triage assessment and any advice given to the patient.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Patient Rooming
The process of preparing a patient for their medical examination.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Two Identifiers
Using at least two pieces of information (e.g., name, DOB) to confirm patient identity.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Clinical Workflow
The sequence of tasks and procedures in a healthcare setting.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
EHR (Electronic Health Record)
A digital version of a patient's paper chart, used for documentation.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Modesty
Respecting a patient's sense of privacy regarding their body.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Biohazard Waste
Waste containing infectious materials or potentially infectious substances.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Efficient Patient Rooming Procedures
ROOM: **R**eady room, **O**utstanding greeting, **O**ffer privacy, **M**ake ready for MD.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Efficient Patient Rooming Procedures
The exam often tests the exact sequence of rooming steps. Pay close attention to the order: greeting, identification, escorting, privacy, and then preparing for the clinician. Keywords like 'first,' 'next,' or 'most appropriate' signal sequence questions.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Efficient Patient Rooming Procedures
Forgetting to verify patient identity with two identifiers, leading to potential medical errors.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Efficient Patient Rooming Procedures
Neglecting to close the examination room door, compromising patient privacy.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Efficient Patient Rooming Procedures
Failing to restock supplies or clean the room thoroughly between patients, causing delays and hygiene issues.
Clinical Workflow & Patient Intake Essentials
Asepsis
Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Medical Asepsis
Practices reducing pathogen number and spread.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Surgical Asepsis
Elimination of all microorganisms and spores.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Disinfection
Destroys most pathogens on inanimate objects.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Sterilization
Destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Sterile Field
Area free of all microorganisms.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Autoclave
Device using steam under pressure for sterilization.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Asepsis, Sterilization, and Disinfection Techniques
To remember the difference: 'Surgical' starts with 'S' for 'Sterile', meaning NO microbes. 'Medical' starts with 'M' for 'Many' microbes reduced, but not all gone!
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Asepsis, Sterilization, and Disinfection Techniques
The CMA exam often tests your ability to distinguish between medical and surgical asepsis and to select the correct decontamination method (cleaning, disinfection, sterilization) for specific instruments or procedures. Pay close attention to keywords like 'invasive procedure' versus 'intact skin contact'.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Asepsis, Sterilization, and Disinfection Techniques
Confusing disinfection with sterilization; disinfection does not kill spores.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Asepsis, Sterilization, and Disinfection Techniques
Breaching a sterile field by turning your back or reaching over it.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Asepsis, Sterilization, and Disinfection Techniques
Using an inappropriate cleaning method for an instrument (e.g., disinfecting an instrument that requires sterilization).
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Bloodborne Pathogens
Microorganisms in blood that can cause disease.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
OPIM
Other Potentially Infectious Materials; body fluids that can transmit pathogens.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Exposure Control Plan
Employer's written plan to eliminate or minimize occupational exposure.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Universal Precautions
Treat all human blood/OPIM as infectious.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Standard Precautions
Apply to all body fluids, non-intact skin, mucous membranes.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Medical treatment given after exposure to prevent infection.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Engineering Controls
Physical changes to workplace to reduce exposure risk.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Work Practice Controls
Changes in how tasks are performed to reduce exposure.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Exposure Control
For 'OSHA BBP' think: 'Ouch! Safety, Health, Always! Bloodborne Pathogens Protect!'
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Exposure Control
The CMA exam often emphasizes the importance of annual review and update of the Exposure Control Plan, and the requirement for employers to offer the Hepatitis B vaccine free of charge to all employees at risk of occupational exposure.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Exposure Control
Failing to report an exposure incident immediately, which can delay critical post-exposure evaluation and treatment.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Exposure Control
Assuming a patient is not infectious based on their appearance or medical history, leading to a lapse in Universal Precautions.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Exposure Control
Recapping needles or improperly disposing of sharps, significantly increasing the risk of needlestick injuries.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Sharps
Any object that can cut or puncture the skin.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Needlestick Injury
A percutaneous injury from a contaminated needle or sharp object.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Safety-Engineered Device
Sharps with built-in features to prevent injury.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Sharps Container
Puncture-resistant, leak-proof container for sharps disposal.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Point of Use
The location where a sharp is used and immediately disposed of.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Recapping
Placing a cap back onto a used needle, generally prohibited.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Safe Sharps Handling and Disposal
S-H-A-R-P-S: S-afety first, H-andle with care, A-lways dispose, R-eport injuries, P-uncture-resistant bins, S-ecure the lid!
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Safe Sharps Handling and Disposal
The CMA exam often tests specific characteristics of sharps containers: they must be puncture-resistant, leak-proof on sides and bottom, closable, and labeled with the biohazard symbol. Also, remember the 'never recap' rule.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Safe Sharps Handling and Disposal
Recapping needles with two hands, which is a major cause of needlestick injuries.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Safe Sharps Handling and Disposal
Disposing of sharps in regular trash cans or biohazard bags instead of rigid sharps containers.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Safe Sharps Handling and Disposal
Overfilling sharps containers, leading to sharps protruding from the opening.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment; specialized gear protecting against infectious materials.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Donning
The process of putting on personal protective equipment in a specific order.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Doffing
The process of safely removing personal protective equipment to prevent contamination.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
N95 Respirator
A type of mask that filters at least 95% of airborne particles; requires fit testing.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Hand Hygiene
Washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand rub.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Fluid-Resistant Gown
A protective garment designed to prevent penetration of liquids.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Eye Protection
Goggles or face shields to protect eyes from splashes or sprays.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use
For Donning, think 'Go Make Good Grades' (Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves). For Doffing, think 'Gloves Go Get Messy' (Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask).
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use
The CMA exam often emphasizes the precise order of donning and doffing PPE. Memorize the sequences: Donning (Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves) and Doffing (Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask). Hand hygiene always precedes donning and follows doffing.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use
Touching the outside of contaminated PPE during removal, leading to self-contamination.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use
Skipping hand hygiene before donning or after doffing PPE.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use
Wearing the wrong type of PPE for the anticipated exposure (e.g., no eye protection when splashes are likely).
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use
Reusing single-use PPE items like gloves or masks.
Safety & Infection Control Fundamentals
Phlebotomy
Process of drawing blood from a vein.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Order of Draw
Specific sequence for collecting blood tubes.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Hemolysis
Breakdown of red blood cells, affecting test results.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Hematoma
Localized collection of blood outside blood vessels.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Anticoagulant
Substance preventing blood clotting.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Tourniquet
Device to constrict blood flow, making veins prominent.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Syncope
Temporary loss of consciousness due to blood flow reduction.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Phlebotomy: Order of Draw & Specimen Collection
Remember 'BLood GRoup GRouP' for the first few: Blood culture, Light blue, Red/Gold/Green, Lavender/Pink, Gray. Or, 'Stop Light Red Stay Put Green Light Go'
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Phlebotomy: Order of Draw & Specimen Collection
The AAMA exam emphasizes the exact order of draw. Memorize the sequence: Blood Culture, Light Blue, Red/Gold/Tiger Top, Green, Lavender/Pink, Gray. Pay close attention to the additives in each tube type.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Phlebotomy: Order of Draw & Specimen Collection
Forgetting to release the tourniquet before removing the needle, which can cause a hematoma.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Phlebotomy: Order of Draw & Specimen Collection
Shaking tubes vigorously instead of gently inverting them, leading to hemolysis.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Phlebotomy: Order of Draw & Specimen Collection
Labeling tubes away from the patient's bedside, increasing the risk of misidentification.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)
Recording of heart's electrical activity.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Lead
View of heart's electrical activity from specific angle.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Electrode
Adhesive pad that conducts electrical signals to EKG machine.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
P Wave
Represents atrial depolarization (contraction).
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
QRS Complex
Represents ventricular depolarization (contraction).
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
T Wave
Represents ventricular repolarization (relaxation).
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Artifact
Unwanted interference on EKG tracing.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Intercostal Space (ICS)
Space between two ribs.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
EKG Lead Placement and Interpretation Basics
For precordial leads, remember 'Vroom Vroom Vroom, Vroom Vroom Vroom' for the sequence, and 'Right, Left, Mid, Mid, Ant, Mid' for the general location across the chest, always at the 4th or 5th intercostal space.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
EKG Lead Placement and Interpretation Basics
The AAMA exam frequently tests the exact anatomical locations for the precordial leads (V1-V6). Memorize V1: 4th ICS right sternal border, V2: 4th ICS left sternal border, V4: 5th ICS midclavicular line, V3: midway V2-V4, V5: 5th ICS anterior axillary line, V6: 5th ICS midaxillary line.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
EKG Lead Placement and Interpretation Basics
Incorrectly identifying intercostal spaces, leading to misplaced precordial leads.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
EKG Lead Placement and Interpretation Basics
Not ensuring proper skin preparation, causing poor electrode adhesion and artifact.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
EKG Lead Placement and Interpretation Basics
Failing to recognize and troubleshoot common artifacts like wandering baseline or AC interference.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Analyte
A substance whose chemical components are being identified and measured.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Centrifugation
Process of separating components of a liquid by spinning at high speed.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Aliquoting
Dividing a specimen into smaller portions for separate testing.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Biohazard bag
A specialized bag for safely containing biological materials.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Requisition form
A document detailing tests ordered, patient info, and collection details.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Specimen integrity
The quality or soundness of a specimen for accurate testing.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
STAT
Medical abbreviation for 'immediately' or 'at once'.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Specimen Handling, Processing, and Transport
L.P.P.T.D. – Label, Process, Package, Transport, Document. Remember these five steps for every specimen!
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Specimen Handling, Processing, and Transport
The exam often tests knowledge of federal regulations like OSHA for biohazard safety and DOT/IATA for transport of hazardous materials. Pay attention to specific time limits for specimen delivery (e.g., how long urine can be held at room temperature before refrigeration).
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Specimen Handling, Processing, and Transport
Mislabeling specimens or labeling them away from the patient's presence.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Specimen Handling, Processing, and Transport
Failing to maintain proper temperature control during storage or transport.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Specimen Handling, Processing, and Transport
Delaying transport of time-sensitive specimens to the laboratory.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Point-of-Care Test (POCT)
Diagnostic tests performed near patient for rapid results.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Supine Position
Patient lies flat on their back.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Prone Position
Patient lies flat on their stomach/face down.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Fowler's Position
Patient sits upright at various angles.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Dorsal Recumbent
Back, knees bent, feet flat on table.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Lithotomy Position
Dorsal recumbent with feet in stirrups.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Sims' Position
Patient on left side, right knee bent.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Knee-Chest Position
Patient kneels, chest and head on table.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Point-of-Care Tests (POCT) & Exam Positions
Remember 'S.P.F. D.L.S.K.' for the positions: Supine, Prone, Fowler's, Dorsal, Lithotomy, Sims', Knee-Chest. It's like a special SPF for exams!
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Point-of-Care Tests (POCT) & Exam Positions
The exam often tests your ability to match specific exam positions with the procedures for which they are used. Pay close attention to the unique features of each position, such as stirrups for Lithotomy or the bent knee for Sims'.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Point-of-Care Tests (POCT) & Exam Positions
Failing to explain the positioning procedure to the patient before assisting them.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Point-of-Care Tests (POCT) & Exam Positions
Not providing adequate draping for patient modesty and warmth during positioning.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Point-of-Care Tests (POCT) & Exam Positions
Incorrectly performing quality control checks on POCT devices or reagents.
Procedures, Exams & Diagnostics
Drug Classification
Grouping drugs by structure, action, or use.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Therapeutic Effect
The desired or intended effect of a medication.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Adverse Effect
Undesired or harmful reaction to a medication.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Analgesic
Drug that relieves pain.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Antihypertensive
Drug that lowers blood pressure.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Antibiotic
Drug that treats bacterial infections.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Diuretic
Drug that increases urine output.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Drug Classifications and Their Actions
To remember common drug classes, think 'A.A.A.D.D.': **A**nalgesics, **A**ntibiotics, **A**ntihypertensives, **D**iuretics, **D**iabetics.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Drug Classifications and Their Actions
The CMA exam often tests your ability to associate a drug name with its classification and primary action. Pay close attention to common suffixes like '-pril' (ACE inhibitors) and '-olol' (beta-blockers) as quick identifiers.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Drug Classifications and Their Actions
Confusing therapeutic effects with adverse effects.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Drug Classifications and Their Actions
Not knowing the primary action of common drug classes.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Drug Classifications and Their Actions
Failing to recognize common drug suffixes that indicate classification.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Oral route
Medication administered by mouth and swallowed.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Parenteral route
Medication administered by injection (e.g., IM, SubQ, IV).
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Topical route
Medication applied to the skin or mucous membranes.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Inhaled route
Medication breathed into the lungs, often via an inhaler.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Medication error
Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Right Patient
Verifying the correct individual receives the medication.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Right Drug
Ensuring the correct medication is administered.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Routes of Administration and Medication Safety
DR. TIMED: Drug, Route, Time, Individual (Patient), Medication (Dose), Education, Documentation.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Routes of Administration and Medication Safety
The CMA exam emphasizes the legal and ethical responsibility of MAs in medication administration. Pay close attention to documentation requirements and incident reporting procedures for medication errors.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Routes of Administration and Medication Safety
Not using two patient identifiers before administration.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Routes of Administration and Medication Safety
Failing to check the medication label against the order at least three times.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Routes of Administration and Medication Safety
Administering medication prepared by another person without proper verification.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Metric System
Measurement system based on units of 10.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Apothecary System
Older measurement system; less common now.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Conversion Factor
A ratio used to change one unit to another.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Desired Dose (D)
The amount of medication ordered.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
On Hand (H)
The available concentration of medication.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Quantity (Q)
The unit of the 'on hand' medication.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Dosage Calculation
Determining the correct amount of medication.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Dosage Calculations and Conversions
D-H-Q: 'Doctors Have Questions' – Desired, On Hand, Quantity. Remember to divide D by H, then multiply by Q!
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Dosage Calculations and Conversions
The CMA exam frequently includes questions requiring conversions between grams and milligrams, and liters and milliliters. Be prepared for weight-based calculations using kilograms and pounds.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Dosage Calculations and Conversions
Failing to convert all units to be consistent before starting the calculation.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Dosage Calculations and Conversions
Incorrectly identifying the 'desired' dose, 'on hand' concentration, or 'quantity'.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Dosage Calculations and Conversions
Not double-checking calculations, leading to potential patient harm.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Needle Gauge
Diameter of the needle lumen; higher number = smaller diameter.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Intradermal (ID)
Injection into the dermis layer of the skin (10-15° angle).
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Subcutaneous (Subcut)
Injection into fatty tissue below skin (45-90° angle).
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Intramuscular (IM)
Injection deep into muscle tissue (90° angle).
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Controlled Substance
Medication with abuse potential, regulated by the DEA.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
DEA Schedules
Categories I-V for controlled substances based on abuse potential.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Perpetual Inventory
Continuous, real-time tracking of controlled substance stock.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Injection Sites, Needle Gauges, & Controlled Substances
I.M. 90-degrees, Subcut 45-90, I.D. 10-15. Remember the angles: 'I'm So Incredibly Delighted' for the order of depth and angles decreasing.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Injection Sites, Needle Gauges, & Controlled Substances
For the CMA exam, memorize the general needle gauges and lengths for ID, Subcut, and IM injections, and understand the 5 DEA schedules for controlled substances. Pay close attention to documentation requirements.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Injection Sites, Needle Gauges, & Controlled Substances
Using an incorrect needle gauge or length, which can lead to improper medication absorption or patient discomfort.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Injection Sites, Needle Gauges, & Controlled Substances
Injecting at the wrong angle or site, potentially causing nerve damage, hitting bone, or injecting into a blood vessel.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Injection Sites, Needle Gauges, & Controlled Substances
Failing to properly document controlled substance administration or disposal, leading to legal and regulatory violations.
Pharmacology for Medical Assistants
Empathy
Understanding and sharing the feelings of another person.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Clarification
Asking for more information to ensure understanding of a statement.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Reflection
Restating the patient's words or feelings to show understanding.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Offering Self
Making oneself available to the patient, conveying presence.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Therapeutic Silence
Purposeful pauses allowing patient to think or process.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
General Leads
Encouraging the patient to continue speaking.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Non-verbal Communication
Communication through body language, facial expressions, and gestures.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
To remember key techniques: 'CARE' for Clarify, Ask, Reflect, Empathize. It helps you CARE for your patients!
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
The CMA exam often tests your ability to choose the *most* appropriate therapeutic response in a given scenario. Look for options that demonstrate empathy, active listening, and respect for the patient's autonomy, avoiding judgment or premature advice.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Giving unsolicited advice instead of listening to the patient's full concern.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Interrupting the patient or changing the subject abruptly.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Using medical jargon without explaining it in simple terms.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
PHI
Protected Health Information; identifiable health data.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Privacy Rule
Sets standards for protecting patient health information.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Security Rule
Safeguards electronic protected health information (ePHI).
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Covered Entity
Healthcare providers, plans, clearinghouses subject to HIPAA.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Consent
Patient's permission for use or disclosure of PHI.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Breach
Unauthorized acquisition, access, use, or disclosure of PHI.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
HIPAA Regulations and Patient Confidentiality
Remember 'HIPAA' as 'Help Individuals Protect All Access.' It reminds you to always protect patient access and privacy.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
HIPAA Regulations and Patient Confidentiality
The AAMA exam expects you to know that HIPAA is a federal law, but some states, like California, have additional, stricter privacy laws (e.g., California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act - CMIA). When state law is stricter than HIPAA, the stricter law takes precedence. Always follow the most protective law.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
HIPAA Regulations and Patient Confidentiality
Assuming patient information is not PHI if it doesn't include a full name.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
HIPAA Regulations and Patient Confidentiality
Discussing patient cases with family or friends, even without using names.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
HIPAA Regulations and Patient Confidentiality
Leaving patient charts or computer screens with PHI visible in public areas.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Informed Consent
Voluntary agreement to treatment after full disclosure.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Express Consent
Consent given directly, verbally or in writing.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Implied Consent
Consent indicated by actions or circumstances.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Competence
Ability to understand information and make decisions.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Scope of Practice
Legally defined tasks a professional can perform.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Battery
Unlawful touching without consent.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Autonomy
Patient's right to make decisions about their care.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Informed Consent & Scope of Practice
Remember 'BRAIDED' for components of informed consent: Benefits, Risks, Alternatives, Inquiries (patient questions), Decision (patient's right to decide), Explanation, Documentation.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Informed Consent & Scope of Practice
The CMA exam often tests your understanding of who is responsible for obtaining informed consent (the physician) versus who can witness it (the MA). Remember, MAs facilitate, but do not explain or obtain consent.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Informed Consent & Scope of Practice
Explaining a medical procedure or its risks to a patient; this is outside an MA's scope of practice.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Informed Consent & Scope of Practice
Assuming implied consent for an invasive procedure; always obtain express written consent for these.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Informed Consent & Scope of Practice
Failing to ensure a consent form is fully completed, signed, and witnessed before a procedure.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Documentation
Recording patient information in a medical record.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Continuity of care
Seamless, uninterrupted care across providers.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Legibility
Clarity of written or typed information.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Patient education
Informing patients about their health.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Teach-back method
Verifying understanding by asking patients to explain.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Medical record
Legal document of patient health information.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Objective documentation
Factual, unbiased recording of observations.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Accurate Documentation & Patient Education
D.A.T.E. for Documentation: Date, Accurately, Timely, Error-free (or corrected properly).
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Accurate Documentation & Patient Education
The CMA exam often tests scenarios involving documentation errors. Remember that a single line through an error, initialing, dating, and adding the correct entry is the standard. Never erase or use correction fluid in a medical record.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Accurate Documentation & Patient Education
Forgetting to date and time every entry in a patient's chart.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Accurate Documentation & Patient Education
Using correction fluid or erasing an error in a paper chart.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
Accurate Documentation & Patient Education
Assuming a patient understands instructions without verifying comprehension.
Communication, Legal & Ethical Practice
ICD-10-CM
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Diagnosis Code
Alphanumeric code describing a patient's disease or condition.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Tabular List
The structured list of ICD-10-CM codes by chapter.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Index to Diseases
Alphabetical listing of diseases and conditions for code lookup.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Specificity
Coding to the most detailed level available for a diagnosis.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
External Cause Code
Codes describing circumstances of injuries, never primary diagnosis.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Z Codes
Codes for encounters other than disease or injury, like screenings.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
ICD-10-CM Coding Principles
ICD-10-CM: 'I Code Diseases - 10 Categories, Many Details.'
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
ICD-10-CM Coding Principles
The CMA exam often tests your ability to differentiate between 'initial encounter,' 'subsequent encounter,' and 'sequela' for injury codes (7th character extensions). Memorize the meaning of A, D, and S for these extensions.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
ICD-10-CM Coding Principles
Coding directly from the index without verifying in the tabular list.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
ICD-10-CM Coding Principles
Not coding to the highest level of specificity (e.g., using a 3-character code when a 5-character code is available).
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
ICD-10-CM Coding Principles
Coding 'suspected' or 'possible' diagnoses in an outpatient setting.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CPT Codes
Five-digit numeric codes for medical services/procedures.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
HCPCS Level II Codes
Alphanumeric codes for supplies, equipment, non-physician services.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Medicare
Federal health insurance for 65+, disabled, ESRD.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Medicaid
Joint federal/state program for low-income individuals.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)
Managed care plan requiring a PCP and referrals.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)
Managed care plan with more flexibility, higher out-of-network costs.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
Federal agency overseeing Medicare/Medicaid and HCPCS.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CPT/HCPCS Coding & Insurance Types
CPT is for 'Procedures Performed by a Person' (like a doctor). HCPCS is for 'Hardware, Chemicals, and Supplies' (the things used or provided).
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CPT/HCPCS Coding & Insurance Types
The exam often tests your ability to distinguish between CPT and HCPCS codes based on what they describe. Remember CPT for 'procedures' and HCPCS for 'stuff' (supplies, drugs, equipment).
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CPT/HCPCS Coding & Insurance Types
Confusing CPT codes with diagnosis codes (ICD-10-CM). CPT is for *what was done*, ICD-10-CM is for *why it was done*.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CPT/HCPCS Coding & Insurance Types
Incorrectly applying modifiers to CPT codes, which can lead to claim denials.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CPT/HCPCS Coding & Insurance Types
Not verifying a patient's insurance benefits before providing services, leading to unexpected patient balances.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Medical Claim
Formal request to insurer for payment.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
CMS-1500
Claim form for professional services.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
UB-04 (CMS-1450)
Claim form for institutional services.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Clean Claim
Error-free claim, processed quickly.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Claim Rejection
Claim not entered due to errors.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Claim Denial
Claim processed but not paid.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Explanation of Benefits (EOB)
Insurer's statement to patient.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA)
Insurer's payment details to provider.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Claims Submission & Reimbursement Processes
To remember the claim process, think 'C.C.S. P.A.R.F.': Create, Clean, Submit, Process, Adjudicate, Reimburse, Follow-up!
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Claims Submission & Reimbursement Processes
The AAMA exam expects you to know the difference between a claim rejection and a claim denial, and the appropriate action for each. Pay close attention to the specific forms (CMS-1500 vs. UB-04) and their uses.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling
Claims Submission & Reimbursement Processes
Confusing a claim rejection with a claim denial; they require different actions.
Administrative: Billing, Coding & Scheduling