AMG
Aviation Mechanic General knowledge test.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Free knowledge base
FAA Aviation Mechanic General (AMG) — key terms, tricks & tips
Everything from the course in one searchable place: 312 entries. Use it to review before a practice test or look up a word you forgot.
312 results · showing first 300, refine your search
ACS
Airman Certification Standards: FAA's testing guide.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
14 CFR
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
FAA-H-8083-30A
Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook—General.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
AIM
Aeronautical Information Manual: official flight info.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Knowledge Test
Written exam for FAA mechanic certification.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Test Supplement
Booklet with figures and charts for test questions.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Understanding the FAA AMG Knowledge Test Structure
AMG: A Major Goal. Remember that passing the General test is a major goal on your path to becoming a certified mechanic!
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Understanding the FAA AMG Knowledge Test Structure
The exam often tests your ability to identify the correct FAA publication for specific information. For example, knowing that general maintenance rules are in 14 CFR Part 43 or that basic electricity is covered in the AMT Handbook—General.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Understanding the FAA AMG Knowledge Test Structure
Not reviewing the current ACS, leading to studying outdated or irrelevant material.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Understanding the FAA AMG Knowledge Test Structure
Failing to practice with the test supplement figures, making interpretation difficult on test day.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Understanding the FAA AMG Knowledge Test Structure
Underestimating the importance of foundational subjects like math and physics.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Active Learning
Engaging with material through summarizing, teaching, or practice.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Spaced Repetition
Reviewing material at increasing intervals for better retention.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Airman Certification Standards (ACS)
FAA document outlining exam knowledge and skill requirements.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
Official guide to basic flight information and ATC procedures.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Practice Tests
Simulated exams to assess knowledge and identify weak areas.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Effective Study Strategies and Resources
To remember the core FAA resources, think: 'ACS for Standards, CFR for Rules, Handbook for Help, AIM for Info.'
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Effective Study Strategies and Resources
The FAA AMG exam frequently tests knowledge from 14 CFR Parts 43 and 65. Pay close attention to the privileges, limitations, and record-keeping requirements for mechanics.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Effective Study Strategies and Resources
Only reading material without active recall or practice.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Effective Study Strategies and Resources
Cramming all studying into a short period before the exam.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Effective Study Strategies and Resources
Not utilizing official FAA resources, relying solely on third-party guides.
Getting Started: Navigating the FAA AMG Exam
Voltage (V)
Electrical pressure or electromotive force.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Current (I)
Rate of electron flow, measured in Amperes.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Resistance (R)
Opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Ohm's Law
V=IR, fundamental relationship between V, I, R.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Series Circuit
Components connected end-to-end, single path.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Parallel Circuit
Components with multiple paths for current.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Ampere (Amp)
Unit of electrical current.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Ohm (Ω)
Unit of electrical resistance.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Basic Electrical Principles: Circuits, Ohm's Law
To remember Ohm's Law, think of 'VIR': Voltage Is Resistance times Current. Or draw the Ohm's Law triangle and cover the variable you want to find.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Basic Electrical Principles: Circuits, Ohm's Law
Memorize the Ohm's Law formula V=IR and its two rearrangements (I=V/R, R=V/I). Be prepared to solve simple circuit problems on the test involving these calculations. Understand the key differences between series and parallel circuits regarding current, voltage, and total resistance.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Basic Electrical Principles: Circuits, Ohm's Law
Confusing voltage and current: Voltage is the 'push,' current is the 'flow.'
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Basic Electrical Principles: Circuits, Ohm's Law
Incorrectly applying Ohm's Law: Always ensure you're using the correct formula (V=IR, I=V/R, or R=V/I) for what you're trying to find.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Basic Electrical Principles: Circuits, Ohm's Law
Mixing up series and parallel circuit rules: Remember, current is constant in series, voltage is constant in parallel.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Basic Electrical Principles: Circuits, Ohm's Law
Forgetting units: Always include Volts, Amps, or Ohms with your answers.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Magnetism
Force exerted by magnetic fields.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Electromagnetism
Interaction between electricity and magnetism.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Inductance
Property opposing current change.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Inductor
Component storing energy in a magnetic field.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Capacitance
Ability to store electrical charge.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Capacitor
Component storing charge in an electric field.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Direct Current (DC)
Current flowing in one direction.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Alternating Current (AC)
Current periodically reversing direction.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Magnetism, Inductance, Capacitance & AC/DC Theory
Remember 'LIC' for 'L' (Inductor) opposes 'I' (Current), and 'C' (Capacitor) opposes 'V' (Voltage).
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Magnetism, Inductance, Capacitance & AC/DC Theory
For the exam, memorize that inductors oppose changes in current and capacitors oppose changes in voltage. Also, know that DC blocks capacitors once charged, and AC passes through them.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Magnetism, Inductance, Capacitance & AC/DC Theory
Confusing the roles of inductors and capacitors: Inductors resist current changes, capacitors resist voltage changes.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Magnetism, Inductance, Capacitance & AC/DC Theory
Believing AC is always better than DC, or vice-versa. Both have specific applications where they excel in aircraft.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Magnetism, Inductance, Capacitance & AC/DC Theory
Underestimating the importance of magnetic fields in aircraft systems; they are fundamental to motors, generators, and sensors.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Semiconductor
Material with conductivity between a conductor and insulator.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Diode
Semiconductor allowing current flow in one direction only.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Transistor
Semiconductor for amplifying or switching electronic signals.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Logic Gate
Basic building block of digital circuits (e.g., AND, OR, NOT).
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Bonding
Ensuring electrical continuity between metallic aircraft parts.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Shielding
Protective layer around wires to prevent electromagnetic interference.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Wire Gauge
Standard for wire diameter, affecting current capacity.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Binary
A number system using only two symbols: 0 and 1.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Semiconductors, Digital Logic & Aircraft Wiring
Diode: 'D' for Directional flow. Transistor: 'T' for Turn on/off or Take signal and Amplify.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Semiconductors, Digital Logic & Aircraft Wiring
The exam often tests your knowledge of specific wire insulation types (e.g., Teflon, Kapton) and their properties, as well as the purpose of bonding straps and shielding. Memorize the basic functions of diodes and transistors.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Semiconductors, Digital Logic & Aircraft Wiring
Confusing the function of a diode with a transistor; remember diodes are one-way valves, transistors are switches/amplifiers.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Semiconductors, Digital Logic & Aircraft Wiring
Underestimating the importance of proper wire installation; chafing or incorrect bend radii can lead to serious failures.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Semiconductors, Digital Logic & Aircraft Wiring
Ignoring bonding and shielding issues; these are crucial for EMI prevention and lightning protection, not just 'extra' wires.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Generator/Alternator
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Bus Bar
Central point for electrical power distribution.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Circuit Breaker
Resettable device protecting circuits from overcurrent.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Fuse
Non-resettable device protecting circuits from overcurrent.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Open Circuit
A break in the electrical path, preventing current flow.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Short Circuit
Unintended, low-resistance path for current flow.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Ammeter
Instrument measuring electrical current flow.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Voltmeter
Instrument measuring electrical potential difference.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Electrical System Components & Troubleshooting Basics
Fuses FADE, Breakers BOUNCE. Fuses are Finito, Breakers can be Back. (Fuses are one-time use, breakers can be reset).
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Electrical System Components & Troubleshooting Basics
On the AMG exam, look for questions about the function of circuit breakers vs. fuses. Remember that circuit breakers are resettable, while fuses are not. Also, be prepared to identify the purpose of a bus bar and the primary function of a battery in an aircraft electrical system.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Electrical System Components & Troubleshooting Basics
Replacing a fuse with one of a higher amperage rating, which can lead to overheating and fire.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Electrical System Components & Troubleshooting Basics
Holding a tripped circuit breaker in, which can mask a fault and cause serious damage or fire.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Electrical System Components & Troubleshooting Basics
Ignoring abnormal ammeter or voltmeter readings, which are early indicators of electrical system problems.
Module 1: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Detail Drawing
Complete info for a single part.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Assembly Drawing
Shows how multiple parts fit together.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Schematic Diagram
Uses symbols to show functional relationships.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Visible Line
Thick, continuous line for object outlines.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Hidden Line
Dashed line for unseen features.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Dimension
Measurement of size or location.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Tolerance
Permissible variation from a dimension.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Title Block
Contains drawing ID, name, scale, approvals.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Interpreting Aircraft Drawings and Blueprints
DRAWING: D-Dimensions, R-Revisions, A-Assembly, W-What it's for, I-Installation, N-Notes, G-General info. It covers the key elements!
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Interpreting Aircraft Drawings and Blueprints
Memorize the purpose of each type of drawing (detail, assembly, installation, schematic) and the meaning of common line types (visible, hidden, center). The exam often tests your ability to match a drawing type to its use or identify what a specific line represents.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Interpreting Aircraft Drawings and Blueprints
Misinterpreting a hidden line for a visible line, leading to incorrect assumptions about part geometry.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Interpreting Aircraft Drawings and Blueprints
Overlooking the revision block, resulting in working with an outdated drawing and potentially installing incorrect parts or using obsolete procedures.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Interpreting Aircraft Drawings and Blueprints
Ignoring drawing notes or general tolerances, which can lead to parts being manufactured or installed outside of acceptable specifications.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm
Photographic film storing miniature images of documents.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm Reader
Device to magnify microfilm images for viewing.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
CAD
Computer-Aided Design; software for digital drawing creation.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Revision Control
System to track and manage changes to documents.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Revision Block
Area on a drawing detailing revision history and dates.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Current Revision
The latest approved version of a drawing or document.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm, CAD, and Drawing Revision Control
CAD-C for Current, Always Digital. Microfilm-M for Miniature, Mostly Manual.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm, CAD, and Drawing Revision Control
For the exam, remember that the 'latest revision' or 'current revision' is always the correct answer when asked about which drawing to use. Understand that microfilm was for archiving, and CAD is for creating and managing.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm, CAD, and Drawing Revision Control
Using an outdated drawing revision, which can lead to incorrect repairs or installing incompatible parts.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm, CAD, and Drawing Revision Control
Failing to check the revision block on a drawing, assuming the first one found is correct.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Microfilm, CAD, and Drawing Revision Control
Not understanding that different aircraft configurations or serial numbers might require different drawing revisions.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight
The force produced by gravity acting on a mass.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Balance
The state where the aircraft's CG is within limits.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Datum
An imaginary vertical plane from which all arms are measured.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Arm
Horizontal distance from the datum to an item's CG.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Moment
The product of weight multiplied by arm (W x A).
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity (CG)
The point where the aircraft's total weight is concentrated.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Empty Weight
The basic weight of the aircraft with fixed equipment and unusable fuel.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Useful Load
Maximum allowable weight of fuel, passengers, and cargo.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight and Balance Principles and Calculations
To remember the CG formula: 'My Grandfather's Car Goes Great!': Moment / Weight = CG.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight and Balance Principles and Calculations
For the exam, memorize the CG formula: CG = Total Moment / Total Weight. Also, know that the datum is an imaginary reference line, and an arm is measured from the datum. Be prepared to identify the effects of an out-of-limit CG (e.g., aft CG causes instability, forward CG causes control difficulty).
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight and Balance Principles and Calculations
Forgetting to include all items (e.g., unusable fuel, oil) in the total weight calculation.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight and Balance Principles and Calculations
Incorrectly measuring or using the wrong arm for an item, leading to an inaccurate moment.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight and Balance Principles and Calculations
Confusing the datum with the nose of the aircraft; the datum can be anywhere.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Weight and Balance Principles and Calculations
Not checking the final calculated CG against the aircraft's specific forward and aft limits.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
CG Envelope
Permissible range for the aircraft's center of gravity.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading, CG, and Limitations
To remember the CG formula: 'Moms Always Weigh Too Much' (Moment = Arm x Weight; CG = Total Moment / Total Weight).
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading, CG, and Limitations
For the exam, memorize that the CG is the point where the entire weight is concentrated. Also, know that the 'datum' is the reference point for all arm measurements. Questions often involve identifying the correct definition or the purpose of CG limits.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading, CG, and Limitations
Forgetting to include all items of weight (e.g., crew, unusable fuel, special equipment) in calculations.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading, CG, and Limitations
Incorrectly measuring or using the 'arm' for a component, leading to an inaccurate moment calculation.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading, CG, and Limitations
Not checking the final calculated CG against both the forward and aft limits, or overlooking maximum weight limits.
Module 2: Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and another element.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Ductility
Ability of a material to be drawn into a wire without fracturing.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Hardness
Resistance to indentation, scratching, or abrasion.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Heat Treatment
Controlled heating and cooling to alter metal properties.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Annealing
Heat treatment process to soften metal and relieve stress.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Quenching
Rapid cooling of a metal to lock in heat-treated properties.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Tensile Strength
Maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion Resistance
Ability of a material to resist deterioration from its environment.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Metals: Properties, Identification, and Heat Treatment
Think 'HARD' for Hardness: H-ardness A-gainst R-esistance to D-eformation.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Metals: Properties, Identification, and Heat Treatment
For the AMG exam, pay close attention to the properties enhanced by specific heat treatments (e.g., annealing for softness, hardening for strength). Also, know the general characteristics of common aircraft metals like aluminum (light, strong), steel (very strong, heavy), and titanium (strong, corrosion-resistant, high temp).
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Metals: Properties, Identification, and Heat Treatment
Confusing ductility with malleability; ductility is drawing into wire, malleability is hammering into shape.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Metals: Properties, Identification, and Heat Treatment
Incorrectly identifying a metal, leading to the use of an unsuitable replacement part.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Metals: Properties, Identification, and Heat Treatment
Improperly performing heat treatment, which can weaken rather than strengthen a component.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Composite Material
Two or more distinct materials combined for superior properties.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Matrix
The binding material (resin) in a composite.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Reinforcing Fibers
Materials like carbon or glass that provide strength.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Thermosetting Plastic
Plastic that cures irreversibly with heat; cannot be reshaped.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Thermoplastic
Plastic that softens with heat and can be reshaped repeatedly.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Delamination
Separation of layers within a composite structure.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Scarf Repair
A composite repair technique involving a tapered removal of damaged material.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Acrylic
A common thermoplastic used for aircraft windows (Plexiglas).
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Non-Metallic Aircraft Materials: Composites & Plastics
To remember the difference: 'ThermoSETTING' plastics are 'SET' forever once cured. 'ThermoPLASTIC' plastics are 'PLIABLE' with heat.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Non-Metallic Aircraft Materials: Composites & Plastics
For the exam, focus on the distinction between thermosetting and thermoplastic resins, common reinforcing fibers (fiberglass, carbon fiber, aramid), and basic composite repair concepts like delamination and scarf repairs. Keywords: 'thermosetting,' 'thermoplastic,' 'carbon fiber,' 'delamination,' 'scarf repair.'
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Non-Metallic Aircraft Materials: Composites & Plastics
Confusing thermosetting and thermoplastic properties, especially regarding reshaping with heat.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Non-Metallic Aircraft Materials: Composites & Plastics
Underestimating the importance of fiber orientation in composite repairs.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Non-Metallic Aircraft Materials: Composites & Plastics
Using incorrect resins or curing methods for composite repairs, leading to structural weakness.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Bolt
Threaded fastener for high-strength joints, often with a nut.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Rivet
Permanent fastener used to join sheet metal components.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Control Cable
Wire rope transmitting mechanical force in aircraft.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Tensiometer
Tool used to measure tension in aircraft control cables.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
AN Fitting
Standardized Air Force-Navy fluid line fitting type.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Flared Fitting
Fluid line connection using a 37-degree flare for sealing.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Safety Wire
Wire used to secure fasteners, preventing loosening from vibration.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Dzus Fastener
A type of quick-release fastener for access panels.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Hardware: Fasteners, Cables, and Fittings
To remember the common cable constructions: '7 Little Wires, 7 Big Strands' for 7x7, and '7 Big Strands, 19 Tiny Wires' for 7x19.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Hardware: Fasteners, Cables, and Fittings
For the exam, memorize the identification characteristics of AN and MS fittings (e.g., color, material, thread type) and the common types of aircraft bolts by their head markings (e.g., AN3, AN4, AN5 for diameter).
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Hardware: Fasteners, Cables, and Fittings
Using an incorrect grade or type of fastener for a specific application.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Hardware: Fasteners, Cables, and Fittings
Improperly torquing fluid line fittings, leading to leaks or damage.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Aircraft Hardware: Fasteners, Cables, and Fittings
Incorrectly applying safety wire or using the wrong type of locking device.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion
Electrochemical deterioration of metal.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Electrolyte
Conductive liquid enabling ion flow.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Galvanic Corrosion
Corrosion between dissimilar metals.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Exfoliation
Advanced intergranular corrosion, lifting surface.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Pitting Corrosion
Localized corrosion, forming small holes.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion Control, Cleaning, and Shop Practices
To remember the four elements of a corrosion cell, think 'A C E M': Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte, Metallic path.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion Control, Cleaning, and Shop Practices
The exam often asks about the four conditions necessary for corrosion (anode, cathode, electrolyte, metallic path) and common types like galvanic and intergranular. Memorize the basic components of a corrosion cell.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion Control, Cleaning, and Shop Practices
Not thoroughly rinsing cleaning agents, which can leave residues that promote corrosion.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion Control, Cleaning, and Shop Practices
Using incompatible cleaning solvents or abrasives that damage aircraft finishes or materials.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Corrosion Control, Cleaning, and Shop Practices
Neglecting to wear appropriate PPE, leading to injuries from chemicals or machinery.
Module 3: Materials, Hardware and Processes
Marshalling
Visual communication using hand signals to guide aircraft.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Tow Bar
Equipment connecting aircraft to a tow vehicle.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Wing Walker
Ground personnel ensuring wingtip clearance during towing.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Jacking Point
Designated structural point for placing aircraft jacks.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Safety Stands
Support devices placed under aircraft after jacking.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Jet Blast
Hazardous exhaust from jet engines.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Prop Wash
Airflow from propellers, a ground hazard.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Marshalling, Towing, and Jacking
Marshalling: 'Arms Crossed, STOP!'. Towing: 'Tow Slow, Watch Low'. Jacking: 'Jack It, Rack It, Check It'.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Marshalling, Towing, and Jacking
For the exam, memorize the basic marshalling signals, especially 'Stop' and 'Emergency Stop'. Also, know that aircraft towing requires a qualified operator and often wing walkers, and always refer to the manufacturer's manual for jacking procedures.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Marshalling, Towing, and Jacking
Misinterpreting marshalling signals, leading to incorrect aircraft movement.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Marshalling, Towing, and Jacking
Towing an aircraft without proper wing walkers or exceeding safe towing speeds.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Marshalling, Towing, and Jacking
Failing to use safety stands after jacking an aircraft, creating a crush hazard.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Jet A/A-1
Kerosene-based fuel for turbine engines.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
AvGas 100LL
Low-lead aviation gasoline for piston engines, blue.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Flash Point
Lowest temp where fuel vapors ignite in air.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Grounding
Connecting aircraft to earth to dissipate static.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Defueling
Removing fuel from an aircraft for various reasons.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Fuel Sump
Lowest point in fuel tank to collect contaminants.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Contamination
Presence of undesirable substances in fuel.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Fueling, Defueling, and Servicing
JET A is for 'Jet Engines, Amber' (though it's often clear/straw-colored). AvGas 100LL is 'Blue for Piston Crew'.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Fueling, Defueling, and Servicing
The FAA exam often tests knowledge of fuel colors and types. Memorize that AvGas 100LL is blue and Jet A is straw-colored or colorless. Also, be prepared for questions on static electricity precautions during fueling.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Fueling, Defueling, and Servicing
Failing to properly ground the aircraft during fueling or defueling, risking static discharge.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Fueling, Defueling, and Servicing
Using the incorrect type of fuel for the aircraft's engine, leading to engine failure.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Aircraft Fueling, Defueling, and Servicing
Not checking fuel sumps for water and sediment, allowing contaminated fuel to enter the engine.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Ground Power Unit (GPU)
External source of electrical power for aircraft.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
De-icing
Process of removing existing ice, snow, or frost.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Anti-icing
Process of preventing ice formation on surfaces.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Holdover Time
Estimated time anti-icing fluid protects from ice.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Type I Fluid
Unthickened de-icing fluid with short holdover time.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Type IV Fluid
Thick anti-icing fluid with extended holdover time.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Critical Surfaces
Aircraft parts where ice affects aerodynamics.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Glycol
Main chemical component of de-icing/anti-icing fluids.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Ground Power, De-icing, and Anti-icing Operations
De-ice is 'DO IT NOW' (remove existing). Anti-ice is 'ANTICIPATE' (prevent future).
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Ground Power, De-icing, and Anti-icing Operations
For the exam, remember that Type I fluids are for de-icing (removal), and Type II/III/IV fluids are for anti-icing (prevention). The key distinction is 'removal' vs. 'prevention' and their respective holdover times.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Ground Power, De-icing, and Anti-icing Operations
Confusing de-icing (removing existing ice) with anti-icing (preventing new ice).
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Ground Power, De-icing, and Anti-icing Operations
Underestimating the importance of holdover times for anti-icing fluids, leading to unsafe departures.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Ground Power, De-icing, and Anti-icing Operations
Neglecting proper grounding or voltage checks when connecting GPUs, risking electrical damage or injury.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Class A Fire
Fires involving ordinary combustible materials.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Class B Fire
Fires involving flammable liquids or gases.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Class C Fire
Fires involving energized electrical equipment.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
HAZMAT
Hazardous materials posing risks to health, safety, or property.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
SDS
Safety Data Sheet, providing detailed info on hazardous substances.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Placard
Large diamond-shaped sign on vehicles/containers indicating HAZMAT.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
UN Number
Four-digit number identifying hazardous substances.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Fire Safety, Emergency Procedures, and HAZMAT
ABC: Always Be Careful (with fire classes). A for Ash, B for Barrel (liquids), C for Current (electrical).
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Fire Safety, Emergency Procedures, and HAZMAT
For the exam, memorize the fire classifications (A, B, C, D, K) and their corresponding extinguishing agents. Pay close attention to the definition and purpose of Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and the information found on HAZMAT shipping papers.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Fire Safety, Emergency Procedures, and HAZMAT
Using water on electrical (Class C) or flammable liquid (Class B) fires.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Fire Safety, Emergency Procedures, and HAZMAT
Not consulting the SDS before handling an unfamiliar hazardous material.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Fire Safety, Emergency Procedures, and HAZMAT
Failing to report a spill or incident immediately, assuming it's minor.
Module 4: Ground Operations and Servicing
Numerator
The top number in a fraction, representing parts.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Denominator
The bottom number in a fraction, representing the whole.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Decimal
A number using a base-10 system to represent parts of a whole.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Percentage
A number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Ratio
A comparison of two quantities, often written as a:b.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Proportion
A statement that two ratios are equal.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Cross-multiplication
Method to solve proportions by multiplying diagonals.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Basic Math for Mechanics: Fractions, Decimals, Ratios
To convert a Decimal to a Percent, move the decimal two places Right (DPR). To convert a Percent to a Decimal, move the decimal two places Left (PDL).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Basic Math for Mechanics: Fractions, Decimals, Ratios
On the AMG exam, expect questions that require converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages, or solving simple ratio problems. Pay close attention to units and rounding instructions. Keywords: 'convert,' 'ratio,' 'percentage,' 'decimal equivalent.'
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Basic Math for Mechanics: Fractions, Decimals, Ratios
Confusing the roles of numerator and denominator when setting up fractions.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Basic Math for Mechanics: Fractions, Decimals, Ratios
Incorrectly moving the decimal point when converting between decimals and percentages.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Basic Math for Mechanics: Fractions, Decimals, Ratios
Failing to simplify fractions to their lowest terms when required by the question.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Force
A push or pull that can cause acceleration.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Work
Force applied over a distance (F x D).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Energy
The capacity to do work.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Power
The rate at which work is done (Work/Time).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Pressure
Force applied per unit area (F/A).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Kinetic Energy
Energy an object possesses due to its motion.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Potential Energy
Stored energy due to an object's position or state.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Physics Fundamentals: Forces, Motion, Energy, Pressure
For Newton's Laws, remember 'I Am Ripe': Inertia (1st), Acceleration (2nd), Reaction (3rd).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Physics Fundamentals: Forces, Motion, Energy, Pressure
On the exam, be ready to identify Newton's three laws of motion and their applications, especially F=ma. Also, know the definition of pressure and its units.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Physics Fundamentals: Forces, Motion, Energy, Pressure
Confusing work with power: Work is the total effort, power is how fast you do it.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Physics Fundamentals: Forces, Motion, Energy, Pressure
Mixing up kinetic and potential energy: Kinetic is moving, potential is stored.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Physics Fundamentals: Forces, Motion, Energy, Pressure
Forgetting that pressure is Force divided by Area, not multiplied.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Bernoulli's Principle
Faster fluid flow equals lower static pressure.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Pascal's Law
Pressure in enclosed fluid transmits equally.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Hydraulics
Systems using incompressible liquids for power.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Pneumatics
Systems using compressible gases for power.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Actuator
Converts fluid pressure into mechanical motion.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Compressibility
Ability of a substance to be reduced in volume.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Static Pressure
Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics Principles
H.A.P.P.Y. — Hydraulics Actuate Precisely, Pneumatics Yield Power.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics Principles
For the exam, focus on the core principles: Bernoulli's for lift, Pascal's for hydraulics. Know the key difference between hydraulics (incompressible liquid, precise, powerful) and pneumatics (compressible gas, simpler, less precise).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics Principles
Confusing Bernoulli's principle (fluid speed vs. pressure) with Pascal's Law (pressure transmission in enclosed fluids).
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics Principles
Underestimating the impact of air compressibility in pneumatic systems on precision and speed.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics Principles
Incorrectly identifying components or functions within a hydraulic or pneumatic system diagram.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Dash Number
Indicates flexible hose inside diameter in 1/16ths of an inch.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Lay Line
Stripe on flexible hose, indicates twist and manufacturer.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Flaring
Process of shaping tubing end for leak-proof connection.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Chafing
Wear caused by rubbing against another surface.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Torque
Rotational force applied to tighten a fastener.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
14 CFR Part 43
Regulations for maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Maintenance Manual
Manufacturer's instructions for aircraft upkeep.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Aircraft Fluid Lines: Identification, Installation, Repair
To remember flexible hose identification: 'DASH for Diameter, LAY for Line-up.' The dash number tells you the size, and the lay line tells you if it's straight.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Aircraft Fluid Lines: Identification, Installation, Repair
For the exam, memorize that flexible hose dash numbers indicate the inside diameter in 1/16ths of an inch. Also, know that a twisted lay line on a flexible hose is an immediate reason for rejection/replacement.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Aircraft Fluid Lines: Identification, Installation, Repair
Over-tightening fittings, which can strip threads or crack components.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Aircraft Fluid Lines: Identification, Installation, Repair
Installing flexible hoses with a twist, leading to premature failure.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Aircraft Fluid Lines: Identification, Installation, Repair
Using incorrect material or size for a replacement line, compromising system integrity.
Module 5: Physics, Math and Fluid Lines
Part 43
Regulations for maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Part 65
Regulations for certification of airmen other than flight crewmembers.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Airworthiness
The state of an aircraft meeting its type design and safe for operation.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Preventive Maintenance
Simple maintenance tasks that do not require complex assembly operations.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Inspection Authorization (IA)
An FAA authorization for mechanics to perform annual inspections.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Major Repair/Alteration
A repair or alteration that might affect weight, balance, structural strength, etc.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
FAA Regulations (14 CFR) for Mechanics
43 is for Fixing, 65 is for Certifying. Remember the numbers and what they generally cover!
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
FAA Regulations (14 CFR) for Mechanics
On the exam, expect questions about specific sections of Part 43 and Part 65. Keywords to spot include 'who may perform,' 'return to service,' 'record entry requirements,' and 'privileges of an A&P' or 'IA.' Memorize the general scope of each relevant part.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
FAA Regulations (14 CFR) for Mechanics
Confusing the scope of Part 43 (what work is done) with Part 65 (who can do the work).
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
FAA Regulations (14 CFR) for Mechanics
Underestimating the importance of detailed maintenance record entries.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
FAA Regulations (14 CFR) for Mechanics
Performing maintenance or inspections outside the scope of your certificate or authorization.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Logbook
A permanent record of maintenance, inspections, and alterations.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
FAA Form 337
Required for major repairs and alterations; submitted to the FAA.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Return to Service
Approval by a mechanic that an aircraft is airworthy after maintenance.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Airworthiness Directive (AD)
Mandatory compliance for aircraft safety; must be recorded.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Total Time in Service
Accumulated flight time of an aircraft, engine, or propeller.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Minor Repair/Alteration
Simple work not affecting airworthiness, recorded in logbook.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Maintenance Records, Forms, and Logbook Entries
To remember what goes in a logbook entry, think 'DATE-WORK-TIME-SIGN-CERT'. Date, Work performed, Total Time in service, Signature, Certificate number and type.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Maintenance Records, Forms, and Logbook Entries
For the exam, remember that a major repair or alteration requires FAA Form 337, and one copy must be sent to the FAA within 48 hours. Know the specific information required in a logbook entry per 14 CFR Part 43.9.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Maintenance Records, Forms, and Logbook Entries
Failing to include all required information in a logbook entry, such as the total time in service or the type of certificate held.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Maintenance Records, Forms, and Logbook Entries
Not submitting FAA Form 337 for a major repair or alteration, or failing to submit it within the 48-hour timeframe.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Maintenance Records, Forms, and Logbook Entries
Using erasable or non-permanent ink for logbook entries, which can lead to alterations or illegibility over time.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Human Factors
Study of human interaction with systems and environment.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Dirty Dozen
Twelve common human factors contributing to errors.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Safety Culture
Shared values and practices regarding safety in an organization.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Maintenance Resource Management (MRM)
Training for optimal use of all maintenance resources.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Complacency
Self-satisfaction leading to reduced vigilance.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Fatigue
Physical or mental tiredness affecting performance.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Just Culture
Environment where errors are reported for learning, not blame.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance Safety
To remember the Dirty Dozen, think: 'Cows Can't Know Distractions, Little Lambs Feel Pretty Little Silly Silly Noses.' (Communication, Complacency, Knowledge, Distraction, Lack of Teamwork, Fatigue, Pressure, Lack of Assertiveness, Lack of Resources, Stress, Lack of Awareness, Norms).
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance Safety
The FAA exam often tests your understanding of the 'Dirty Dozen' and how specific scenarios relate to these human factors. Keywords to spot include 'fatigue,' 'distraction,' 'communication,' and 'pressure.'
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance Safety
Believing that human error is always due to individual incompetence, rather than systemic issues.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors
Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance Safety
Ignoring personal factors like fatigue or stress, thinking they won't affect performance.
Module 6: Regulations, Records and Human Factors