ASVAB
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
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ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) — key terms, tricks & tips
Everything from the course in one searchable place: 406 entries. Use it to review before a practice test or look up a word you forgot.
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AFQT Score
Armed Forces Qualification Test score, determines enlistment eligibility.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Subtests
Individual sections of the ASVAB measuring specific skills.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Line Scores
Combinations of subtest scores used for job placement.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
MOS/Rating/AFSC
Military job classifications (Army/Marines, Navy/Coast Guard, Air Force).
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
CAT-ASVAB
Computer Adaptive Test version of the ASVAB.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
P&P-ASVAB
Paper-and-Pencil version of the ASVAB.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Understanding the ASVAB: Purpose and Structure
To remember the four AFQT subtests, think: 'A Wise Person Makes Knowledge.' (AR, WK, PC, MK)
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Understanding the ASVAB: Purpose and Structure
The ASVAB is used by all branches of the U.S. military. Remember that the AFQT score is derived from four specific subtests: AR, WK, PC, and MK. This is a common point of confusion on the exam.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Understanding the ASVAB: Purpose and Structure
Believing only the AFQT score matters; line scores are crucial for job selection.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Understanding the ASVAB: Purpose and Structure
Assuming all ASVAB tests are the same length or format (CAT vs. P&P).
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Understanding the ASVAB: Purpose and Structure
Not understanding how specific subtests contribute to different job qualifications.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Percentile Score
Indicates performance relative to a national sample of test-takers.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
MOS
Military Occupational Specialty, a job code in the Army and Marine Corps.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
AFSC
Air Force Specialty Code, a job code in the Air Force.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Rating
A job classification in the Navy and Coast Guard.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
ASVAB Scoring and Its Impact on Military Careers
To remember the AFQT subtests: 'A Wacky Penguin Makes Kisses' (AR, WK, PC, MK).
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
ASVAB Scoring and Its Impact on Military Careers
Memorize that the AFQT score is derived from Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, Paragraph Comprehension, and Mathematics Knowledge. This is a common point of confusion on the exam.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
ASVAB Scoring and Its Impact on Military Careers
Mistaking the AFQT score for an average of all ASVAB subtests.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
ASVAB Scoring and Its Impact on Military Careers
Believing a high AFQT score automatically qualifies you for any job.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
ASVAB Scoring and Its Impact on Military Careers
Underestimating the importance of line scores for specific career paths.
Getting Started: ASVAB Overview
Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all known organisms.
General Science Fundamentals
Tissue
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
General Science Fundamentals
Organ
A collection of different tissues joined in a structural unit to perform a function.
General Science Fundamentals
Organ System
A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.
General Science Fundamentals
Metabolism
All chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
General Science Fundamentals
Reproduction
The biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.
General Science Fundamentals
Stimuli
Changes in the environment that an organism can detect and respond to.
General Science Fundamentals
Biology Basics: Cells, Systems, and Life Processes
Think 'C-T-O-O-O' for the levels of organization: Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism!
General Science Fundamentals
Biology Basics: Cells, Systems, and Life Processes
The ASVAB General Science section often asks about the function of major human organ systems or the basic characteristics of living things. Memorize the hierarchy of biological organization (cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism) and the main function of systems like circulatory (transport), respiratory (gas exchange), and nervous (control).
General Science Fundamentals
Biology Basics: Cells, Systems, and Life Processes
Confusing the order of biological organization (e.g., thinking organs come before tissues).
General Science Fundamentals
Biology Basics: Cells, Systems, and Life Processes
Attributing life processes (like reproduction) to non-living things.
General Science Fundamentals
Biology Basics: Cells, Systems, and Life Processes
Not understanding that all body systems are interconnected and rely on each other.
General Science Fundamentals
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
General Science Fundamentals
Element
Pure substance with one type of atom.
General Science Fundamentals
Compound
Two or more elements chemically bonded.
General Science Fundamentals
Mixture
Substances not chemically bonded, physically separable.
General Science Fundamentals
Chemical Reaction
Process changing substances into new ones.
General Science Fundamentals
Reactants
Substances at the start of a reaction.
General Science Fundamentals
Products
Substances formed by a reaction.
General Science Fundamentals
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
General Science Fundamentals
Chemistry Essentials: Matter, Reactions, and Elements
To remember the states of matter: 'SoLiD' (definite shape/volume), 'LiQuid' (definite volume, no shape), 'GaS' (no shape/volume).
General Science Fundamentals
Chemistry Essentials: Matter, Reactions, and Elements
For the ASVAB, focus on knowing the basic definitions of matter, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Be able to identify common element symbols (e.g., H, O, C, Fe) and the general indicators of a chemical reaction (e.g., gas formation, color change).
General Science Fundamentals
Chemistry Essentials: Matter, Reactions, and Elements
Confusing a mixture with a compound: Mixtures can be physically separated, compounds require chemical reactions.
General Science Fundamentals
Chemistry Essentials: Matter, Reactions, and Elements
Thinking all physical changes are chemical reactions: Melting ice is a physical change, not a chemical reaction.
General Science Fundamentals
Chemistry Essentials: Matter, Reactions, and Elements
Forgetting that elements cannot be broken down further by chemical means.
General Science Fundamentals
Force
A push or pull that can change an object's motion.
General Science Fundamentals
Newton's Laws of Motion
Three fundamental laws describing how forces affect motion.
General Science Fundamentals
Velocity
The speed of an object in a specific direction.
General Science Fundamentals
Acceleration
The rate at which an object's velocity changes.
General Science Fundamentals
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change.
General Science Fundamentals
Kinetic Energy
Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
General Science Fundamentals
Potential Energy
Stored energy, often due to position or state.
General Science Fundamentals
Work
Force applied over a distance in the direction of the force.
General Science Fundamentals
Physics Principles: Forces, Motion, and Energy
For Newton's Laws, remember 'IMA': Inertia, F=Ma, Action-reaction. It's like a superhero team for physics!
General Science Fundamentals
Physics Principles: Forces, Motion, and Energy
The ASVAB often tests your understanding of Newton's Laws of Motion. Memorize the core idea of each law: Inertia (1st), F=ma (2nd), and Action-Reaction (3rd). Look for keywords like 'unbalanced force' for the first law and 'equal and opposite' for the third.
General Science Fundamentals
Physics Principles: Forces, Motion, and Energy
Confusing speed with velocity: velocity includes direction.
General Science Fundamentals
Physics Principles: Forces, Motion, and Energy
Forgetting that acceleration can mean slowing down or changing direction, not just speeding up.
General Science Fundamentals
Physics Principles: Forces, Motion, and Energy
Assuming work is always done when a force is applied; displacement must occur in the direction of the force.
General Science Fundamentals
Crust
Outermost solid layer of Earth.
General Science Fundamentals
Mantle
Thick layer of hot, flowing rock beneath the crust.
General Science Fundamentals
Troposphere
Lowest atmospheric layer where weather occurs.
General Science Fundamentals
Ozone Layer
Stratospheric layer absorbing UV radiation.
General Science Fundamentals
Plate Tectonics
Theory of Earth's moving crustal plates.
General Science Fundamentals
Star
Celestial body that produces its own light and heat.
General Science Fundamentals
Light-year
Distance light travels in one year.
General Science Fundamentals
Earth & Space Science: Geology, Weather, and Astronomy
My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Noodles: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (for the planets in order from the Sun).
General Science Fundamentals
Earth & Space Science: Geology, Weather, and Astronomy
The ASVAB General Science section frequently tests knowledge of Earth's layers (crust, mantle, core), atmospheric layers (troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer), and basic solar system components (Sun, planets, moons). Memorize the order and key features of these layers.
General Science Fundamentals
Earth & Space Science: Geology, Weather, and Astronomy
Confusing weather (short-term) with climate (long-term patterns).
General Science Fundamentals
Earth & Space Science: Geology, Weather, and Astronomy
Mixing up the order of Earth's internal layers or atmospheric layers.
General Science Fundamentals
Earth & Space Science: Geology, Weather, and Astronomy
Believing the Sun is a planet instead of a star.
General Science Fundamentals
Keyword
A word or phrase indicating a specific mathematical operation.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Multi-step problem
A word problem requiring two or more mathematical operations to solve.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Distractor
Irrelevant information included in a problem to mislead or confuse.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Unit conversion
Changing a measurement from one unit to another (e.g., minutes to hours).
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Arithmetic Reasoning
The ASVAB section testing problem-solving with mathematical concepts.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Equation
A mathematical statement showing that two expressions are equal.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Problem-solving
The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Decoding Word Problems: Strategies and Keywords
KISS: Keep It Simple, Soldier! Don't overcomplicate. Break it down, find the keywords, and solve step-by-step.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Decoding Word Problems: Strategies and Keywords
ASVAB exam tip: The ASVAB often uses 'of' to indicate multiplication, especially with fractions or percentages (e.g., 'half of 20' means 0.5 * 20). Memorize common keywords for each operation.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Decoding Word Problems: Strategies and Keywords
Ignoring keywords and guessing the operation.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Decoding Word Problems: Strategies and Keywords
Trying to solve the entire problem in one go without breaking it down.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Decoding Word Problems: Strategies and Keywords
Getting sidetracked by irrelevant 'distractor' information.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Problem Context
The specific scenario and details surrounding a math problem.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Keywords
Words that indicate specific mathematical operations.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Estimation
Approximating an answer to check for reasonableness.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Units of Measurement
Standard quantities like miles, gallons, dollars, or hours.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Rate
A ratio comparing two different quantities, often with different units.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Real-World Math: From Problems to Solutions
READ the problem, PLAN your steps, DO the math, CHECK your answer (RPDC – like a 'Rapid' problem-solving 'Doc').
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Real-World Math: From Problems to Solutions
The ASVAB often uses scenarios involving military logistics, budgeting, or common daily tasks. Look for phrases like 'how many more,' 'total cost,' 'rate of speed,' or 'percentage increase/decrease.' Always ensure your final answer's units match the question's requirement.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Real-World Math: From Problems to Solutions
Not reading the entire problem carefully before starting calculations.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Real-World Math: From Problems to Solutions
Ignoring units of measurement or forgetting to convert them when necessary.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Real-World Math: From Problems to Solutions
Performing operations in the wrong order, especially with multi-step problems.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Real-World Math: From Problems to Solutions
Not checking if the final answer makes logical sense in the real-world context.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Problem Comprehension
Thoroughly understanding the question and given info.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Strategic Planning
Developing a method to solve a problem.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Execution
Performing the mathematical calculations accurately.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Verification
Checking the answer for reasonableness and accuracy.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Intermediate Result
A calculation step before the final answer.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Arithmetic Reasoning: Step-by-Step
UPS Check: Understand, Plan, Solve, Check. Like delivering a package, each step is crucial!
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Arithmetic Reasoning: Step-by-Step
The ASVAB Arithmetic Reasoning section frequently tests your ability to solve multi-step word problems involving percentages, ratios, and rates. Pay close attention to unit conversions (e.g., feet to inches, hours to minutes) as these are common traps.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Arithmetic Reasoning: Step-by-Step
Not reading the problem carefully enough, leading to misinterpreting the question.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Arithmetic Reasoning: Step-by-Step
Skipping steps or rushing calculations, resulting in arithmetic errors.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Arithmetic Reasoning: Step-by-Step
Not checking the final answer for reasonableness or against the original question.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Ratio
A comparison of two numbers or quantities, often expressed as a fraction.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Percentage
A fraction or ratio out of 100, represented by the % symbol.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Average
The sum of a set of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the set.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Practice with Diverse Arithmetic Reasoning Problems
Don't GET LOST: **G**iven, **E**quation, **T**hink, **L**ogic, **O**perations, **S**olve, **T**est.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Practice with Diverse Arithmetic Reasoning Problems
The ASVAB often uses scenarios involving military logistics, supplies, and personnel. Look for keywords like 'per,' 'ratio of,' 'percent off,' or 'average speed' to identify the problem type. Memorize common conversion factors like 1 foot = 12 inches.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Practice with Diverse Arithmetic Reasoning Problems
Misinterpreting keywords (e.g., confusing 'increase by' with 'increase to').
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Practice with Diverse Arithmetic Reasoning Problems
Making calculation errors, especially in multi-step problems.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Practice with Diverse Arithmetic Reasoning Problems
Not checking if the final answer makes logical sense in the problem's context.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Distractors
Irrelevant information in a problem.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Strategic thinking
Planning approach to problem-solving.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Time management
Efficient allocation of time during test.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Sub-problems
Smaller parts of a larger problem.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Advanced Arithmetic Reasoning
READ (Read carefully), ISOLATE (Isolate relevant info), PLAN (Plan your steps), SOLVE (Solve methodically), CHECK (Check your answer).
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Advanced Arithmetic Reasoning
The ASVAB Arithmetic Reasoning section often includes problems requiring conversion between units (e.g., feet to inches, hours to minutes) or working with fractions and percentages in multi-step scenarios. Always check the units required for the final answer.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Advanced Arithmetic Reasoning
Using all numbers presented in the problem, even irrelevant ones.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Advanced Arithmetic Reasoning
Performing calculations in the wrong order, leading to incorrect intermediate results.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Mastering Advanced Arithmetic Reasoning
Not checking if the final answer makes logical sense in the context of the problem.
Arithmetic Reasoning Mastery
Synonym
A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word.
Word Knowledge Builder
Antonym
A word opposite in meaning to another word.
Word Knowledge Builder
Connotation
An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Prefix
An affix placed before a word to modify its meaning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Vocabulary
The body of words used by a person or group.
Word Knowledge Builder
Interchangeable
Able to be exchanged with something else without changing meaning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Nuance
A subtle difference in meaning, expression, or sound.
Word Knowledge Builder
Mastering Synonyms and Antonyms
Think 'S' for 'Synonym' and 'Same,' and 'A' for 'Antonym' and 'Against.'
Word Knowledge Builder
Mastering Synonyms and Antonyms
For the ASVAB, pay close attention to the word in the question and whether you are asked for a word that means 'most nearly the same as' (synonym) or 'most nearly the opposite of' (antonym). Read the options carefully.
Word Knowledge Builder
Mastering Synonyms and Antonyms
Confusing synonyms with antonyms, especially under timed pressure.
Word Knowledge Builder
Mastering Synonyms and Antonyms
Choosing an option that is related to the word but not a direct synonym or antonym.
Word Knowledge Builder
Mastering Synonyms and Antonyms
Ignoring the context of the word if a sentence is provided; context can sometimes narrow down the best fit.
Word Knowledge Builder
Context Clues
Hints within text that help define unfamiliar words.
Word Knowledge Builder
Definition Clue
Meaning directly stated or explained in the text.
Word Knowledge Builder
Synonym Clue
A word or phrase with similar meaning used nearby.
Word Knowledge Builder
Antonym Clue
A word or phrase with opposite meaning used nearby.
Word Knowledge Builder
Example Clue
Specific instances that illustrate the word's meaning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Inference
Deducing meaning based on evidence and reasoning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Word Knowledge
Ability to understand and use vocabulary effectively.
Word Knowledge Builder
Understanding Word Definitions and Context Clues
D.A.S.H.E.S. for Context Clues: Definitions, Antonyms, Synonyms, Hyphens (for definitions), Examples, Sentence Structure.
Word Knowledge Builder
Understanding Word Definitions and Context Clues
On the ASVAB, the Word Knowledge subtest presents a target word followed by four choices. You must select the option that is closest in meaning to the target word. Look for synonyms, but also be prepared to infer meaning from how the word is used in a sentence if provided.
Word Knowledge Builder
Understanding Word Definitions and Context Clues
Guessing without looking for clues: Always read the entire sentence first.
Word Knowledge Builder
Understanding Word Definitions and Context Clues
Focusing only on the unknown word: The answer is often in the surrounding text.
Word Knowledge Builder
Understanding Word Definitions and Context Clues
Choosing an answer that sounds familiar but doesn't fit the context: Meaning must make sense in the sentence.
Word Knowledge Builder
Contextual learning
Learning words by understanding their meaning from surrounding text.
Word Knowledge Builder
Vocabulary journal
A notebook for recording new words, definitions, and example sentences.
Word Knowledge Builder
Flashcards
Cards used for active recall, with a word on one side and definition on the other.
Word Knowledge Builder
Spaced repetition
Reviewing learned material at increasing intervals to improve retention.
Word Knowledge Builder
Etymology
The study of the origin and historical development of words.
Word Knowledge Builder
Lexicon
The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.
Word Knowledge Builder
Building a Robust Vocabulary
To remember to always 'C.U.R.E.' your vocabulary: Context, Usage, Review, Example!
Word Knowledge Builder
Building a Robust Vocabulary
For the ASVAB, focus on words that appear in common academic and military contexts. Don't just memorize definitions; understand how words are used in sentences. Practice identifying the best synonym or antonym for a given word, even if multiple options seem plausible.
Word Knowledge Builder
Building a Robust Vocabulary
Only memorizing definitions without understanding usage.
Word Knowledge Builder
Building a Robust Vocabulary
Not reviewing new words regularly, leading to quick forgetting.
Word Knowledge Builder
Building a Robust Vocabulary
Ignoring context when encountering unfamiliar words.
Word Knowledge Builder
Building a Robust Vocabulary
Only relying on one method of vocabulary building.
Word Knowledge Builder
Homophone
Words sounding alike, different spelling/meaning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Homograph
Words spelled alike, different meaning/pronunciation.
Word Knowledge Builder
Idiom
Phrase with figurative meaning, not literal.
Word Knowledge Builder
Affect
Verb: to influence or produce a change.
Word Knowledge Builder
Effect
Noun: a result or consequence.
Word Knowledge Builder
Then
Refers to time or sequence.
Word Knowledge Builder
Than
Used for comparison.
Word Knowledge Builder
Commonly Confused Words and Idioms
For Affect vs. Effect: 'A' for Affect (Action/Verb), 'E' for Effect (End result/Noun).
Word Knowledge Builder
Commonly Confused Words and Idioms
The ASVAB Word Knowledge section frequently tests your ability to distinguish between commonly confused words like 'accept' vs. 'except,' 'complement' vs. 'compliment,' and 'principal' vs. 'principle.' Look for the subtle differences in meaning and usage.
Word Knowledge Builder
Commonly Confused Words and Idioms
Confusing 'their,' 'there,' and 'they're' due to similar sounds.
Word Knowledge Builder
Commonly Confused Words and Idioms
Interpreting idioms literally instead of understanding their figurative meaning.
Word Knowledge Builder
Commonly Confused Words and Idioms
Not using context clues to determine the correct usage of a word.
Word Knowledge Builder
Main Idea
The central point or message of a paragraph.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Supporting Details
Facts, examples, and reasons that explain the main idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Topic Sentence
A sentence that directly states the main idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Implied Main Idea
A main idea that is not directly stated but must be inferred.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Evidence
Information used to support a claim or main idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Elaboration
The act of adding more detail to something.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details
Think of a 'M'ain idea as the 'M'ap for the paragraph, and 'S'upporting details as the 'S'igns along the way.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details
For the ASVAB, always look for the sentence that best summarizes the entire passage, not just a part of it. Keywords like 'primarily concerns,' 'main point,' or 'best describes' indicate you need the main idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details
Confusing a supporting detail for the main idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details
Choosing an answer that is too narrow or too broad to be the main idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details
Selecting an answer that is true but not the central point of the specific paragraph.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Conclusion
A judgment reached after considering all information.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Textual Evidence
Specific information from the passage supporting an idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Stated Information
Facts or ideas explicitly written in the text.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Implied Information
Meaning suggested but not directly expressed.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Logical Deduction
Reasoning from general principles to specific facts.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Assumption
Something taken for granted without proof.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
C-I-E: Conclusions and Inferences need Evidence! Always look for the proof in the paragraph.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
On the ASVAB, pay close attention to questions that use words like 'implies,' 'suggests,' 'infers,' or 'most likely.' These indicate you need to go beyond what is directly stated and make a logical leap based on the provided text.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
Making conclusions based on outside knowledge not present in the text.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
Confusing a personal opinion with a text-supported inference.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences
Choosing an answer that is directly stated when the question asks for an inference.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Purpose
The main reason an author writes a text.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
To Inform
To present facts, explain, or describe without opinion.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
To Persuade
To convince the reader to agree or take action.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
To Entertain
To amuse, delight, or engage the reader.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Tone
The author's attitude toward the subject or audience.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Diction
An author's specific choice of words.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Neutral Tone
Objective, unbiased, and factual writing.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Critical Tone
Expressing disapproval or negative judgment.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Purpose and Tone
P-I-E for Purpose: Persuade, Inform, Entertain. Tone is like your voice – how you say it, not just what you say.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Purpose and Tone
On the ASVAB, look for keywords. For purpose, 'explains,' 'describes,' 'argues,' 'suggests,' 'illustrates' are common. For tone, identify adjectives that describe the author's attitude, such as 'optimistic,' 'skeptical,' 'humorous,' or 'solemn.'
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Purpose and Tone
Confusing the reader's feeling (mood) with the author's attitude (tone).
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Purpose and Tone
Assuming an author's purpose is only one thing; sometimes purposes are mixed, but one is usually dominant.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Author's Purpose and Tone
Ignoring subtle word choices that reveal a nuanced tone.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Previewing
Quickly scanning text to get a general idea.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Active Reading
Engaging with text by highlighting, summarizing, and questioning.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Process of Elimination
Removing incorrect answer choices to find the right one.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Transition Words
Words connecting ideas, like 'however' or 'therefore'.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Effective Reading for ASVAB Success
PQAR: Preview, Questions, Active Read, Review. It's like preparing for a mission: first survey the area, then know your objectives, execute the plan, and finally, confirm success!
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Effective Reading for ASVAB Success
The ASVAB Paragraph Comprehension section often includes passages about science, history, or technical topics. Be prepared for varied vocabulary and complex sentence structures. Focus on identifying the main point and key details, as questions frequently test these directly.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Effective Reading for ASVAB Success
Reading the passage too slowly or too quickly without comprehension.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Effective Reading for ASVAB Success
Not reading the questions before the passage, leading to inefficient reading.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Effective Reading for ASVAB Success
Choosing an answer based on personal opinion rather than information in the text.
Paragraph Comprehension Skills
Algebraic Expression
Numbers, variables, operations; no equals.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Algebraic Equation
Two expressions equal; contains equals sign.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Variable
Symbol (letter) representing an unknown value.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Constant
A fixed numerical value that does not change.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Coefficient
Number multiplying a variable.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Inverse Operations
Operations that undo each other (e.g., + and -).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Isolate the Variable
Get the variable alone on one side.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Algebra Foundations: Equations and Expressions
EQuality means EQuals. If you see an equals sign, it's an EQuation!
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Algebra Foundations: Equations and Expressions
The ASVAB often uses 'what is the value of x?' or 'solve for y' to indicate equation-solving. Be prepared to identify variables and constants quickly.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Algebra Foundations: Equations and Expressions
Confusing expressions with equations; remember, only equations can be 'solved'.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Algebra Foundations: Equations and Expressions
Forgetting to perform operations on BOTH sides of an equation, leading to an unbalanced result.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Algebra Foundations: Equations and Expressions
Incorrectly applying inverse operations (e.g., adding when you should subtract).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Perimeter
The total distance around the outside of a 2D shape.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Area
The amount of surface a 2D shape covers.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Volume
The amount of space a 3D object occupies or holds.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Angle
Formed by two rays meeting at a common endpoint (vertex).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Vertex
The common endpoint where two rays of an angle meet.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Acute Angle
An angle measuring less than 90 degrees.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Right Angle
An angle measuring exactly 90 degrees.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Obtuse Angle
An angle measuring greater than 90 but less than 180 degrees.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Geometry Basics: Shapes, Angles, and Formulas
PAV: 'P'erimeter is 'A'round, 'A'rea is 'V'er the surface, 'V'olume is 'I'nside. (PAV-AVI)
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Geometry Basics: Shapes, Angles, and Formulas
For ASVAB geometry questions, pay close attention to units (e.g., feet, square feet, cubic feet) and whether the question asks for perimeter, area, or volume. Keywords like 'distance around' imply perimeter, 'surface covered' implies area, and 'space occupied' implies volume.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Geometry Basics: Shapes, Angles, and Formulas
Confusing perimeter with area, especially for rectangles.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Geometry Basics: Shapes, Angles, and Formulas
Using the wrong formula for a given shape (e.g., circle area vs. circumference).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Geometry Basics: Shapes, Angles, and Formulas
Forgetting to include units (e.g., 'square feet' for area, 'cubic feet' for volume).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Addition
Combining two or more numbers.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Subtraction
Finding the difference between numbers.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Multiplication
Repeated addition of a number.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Division
Splitting into equal parts or groups.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
PEMDAS/BODMAS
Order of operations acronym.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Commutative Property
Order doesn't affect sum/product.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Associative Property
Grouping doesn't affect sum/product.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Distributive Property
Multiplication over addition/subtraction.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Arithmetic Review: Operations & Number Properties
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (PEMDAS) helps remember Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Arithmetic Review: Operations & Number Properties
The ASVAB often tests PEMDAS with expressions that include parentheses and exponents. Look for keywords like 'evaluate' or 'simplify' and always perform operations from left to right for multiplication/division and addition/subtraction.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Arithmetic Review: Operations & Number Properties
Ignoring the order of operations, especially when multiplication/division or addition/subtraction appear together (always left to right).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Arithmetic Review: Operations & Number Properties
Applying commutative or associative properties to subtraction or division.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Arithmetic Review: Operations & Number Properties
Incorrectly distributing a negative sign when using the distributive property.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Prime Number
Whole number > 1 with only two divisors: 1 and itself.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Composite Number
Whole number > 1 with more than two divisors.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
Smallest positive integer divisible by all given numbers.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
Largest positive integer that divides all given numbers.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Prime Factorization
Expressing a composite number as a product of prime factors.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Set
A well-defined collection of distinct objects or elements.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Union (∪)
Set of all elements in either or both sets.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Number Theory and Advanced Math Concepts
For GCF vs. LCM: 'GCF is Great for Cutting (dividing), LCM is Lovely for Cycles (repeating events).'
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Number Theory and Advanced Math Concepts
The ASVAB often tests your ability to quickly identify prime numbers up to 100 or to find the prime factorization of a two-digit number. Memorize the first few prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Number Theory and Advanced Math Concepts
Confusing prime and composite numbers, especially with 1 (which is neither).
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Number Theory and Advanced Math Concepts
Mixing up GCF and LCM; remember GCF is about common factors, LCM about common multiples.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Number Theory and Advanced Math Concepts
Forgetting to include all prime factors (including duplicates) when calculating LCM or GCF from prime factorization.
Mathematics Knowledge Essentials
Current
Flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes (A).
Electronics Information Explained
Voltage
Electrical 'pressure' or 'push', measured in Volts (V).
Electronics Information Explained
Resistance
Opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω).
Electronics Information Explained
Conductor
Material with low resistance, allows current to flow easily.
Electronics Information Explained
Insulator
Material with high resistance, prevents current flow.
Electronics Information Explained
Ohm
Unit of measurement for electrical resistance.
Electronics Information Explained
Ampere
Unit of measurement for electric current.
Electronics Information Explained
Volt
Unit of measurement for electric potential difference.
Electronics Information Explained
Basic Electrical Principles: Current, Voltage, Resistance
Remember 'VIR': Voltage Is Resistance times Current (V=IR) for Ohm's Law, which connects them all!
Electronics Information Explained
Basic Electrical Principles: Current, Voltage, Resistance
The ASVAB Electronics Information section frequently tests your understanding of the units for current, voltage, and resistance. Memorize that current is Amps, voltage is Volts, and resistance is Ohms.
Electronics Information Explained
Basic Electrical Principles: Current, Voltage, Resistance
Confusing the units: Amps for voltage, Volts for current, etc. Always double-check units.
Electronics Information Explained
Basic Electrical Principles: Current, Voltage, Resistance
Thinking current can flow without voltage: Voltage is the necessary 'push'.
Electronics Information Explained
Basic Electrical Principles: Current, Voltage, Resistance
Believing resistance always stops current: Resistance just opposes it, it doesn't necessarily block it entirely (unless infinite).
Electronics Information Explained
Series Circuit
Components connected in a single path.
Electronics Information Explained
Parallel Circuit
Components connected across multiple paths.
Electronics Information Explained
Ohm's Law
V = I × R; relates voltage, current, resistance.
Electronics Information Explained
Voltage (V)
Electrical potential difference, measured in Volts.
Electronics Information Explained
Current (I)
Flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes.
Electronics Information Explained
Resistance (R)
Opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms.
Electronics Information Explained
Total Resistance
Combined resistance of all components.
Electronics Information Explained
Understanding Circuits: Series, Parallel, and Ohm's Law
Remember 'VIR' for Voltage, Current, Resistance, arranged in a triangle where V is on top, I and R are on the bottom. Cover the one you want to find!
Electronics Information Explained
Understanding Circuits: Series, Parallel, and Ohm's Law
The ASVAB often asks to identify circuit types based on behavior (e.g., 'If one light goes out, all go out, what circuit type?'). Memorize the V=IR formula and its rearrangements.
Electronics Information Explained
Understanding Circuits: Series, Parallel, and Ohm's Law
Confusing current and voltage behavior in series vs. parallel circuits.
Electronics Information Explained
Understanding Circuits: Series, Parallel, and Ohm's Law
Incorrectly applying Ohm's Law by mixing up which variable goes where.
Electronics Information Explained
Understanding Circuits: Series, Parallel, and Ohm's Law
Forgetting that total resistance in parallel circuits is not a simple sum.
Electronics Information Explained
Resistor
Component that opposes electric current flow.
Electronics Information Explained
Capacitor
Component that stores electrical energy.
Electronics Information Explained
Diode
Allows current to flow in one direction.
Electronics Information Explained
Transistor
Amplifies signals or acts as a switch.
Electronics Information Explained
Integrated Circuit (IC)
Miniature circuit on a single semiconductor chip.
Electronics Information Explained
Passive Component
Does not require external power; does not amplify.
Electronics Information Explained
Active Component
Requires external power; can amplify or control.
Electronics Information Explained
Electronic Devices and Components Identification
Remember 'R-C-D-T-I' for Resistor, Capacitor, Diode, Transistor, IC. 'Really Cool Devices Take Intelligence!'
Electronics Information Explained
Electronic Devices and Components Identification
The ASVAB often tests on the visual identification of components and their primary function. Pay close attention to distinguishing features like color bands on resistors, polarity markings on diodes and capacitors, and the general shape of ICs.
Electronics Information Explained
Electronic Devices and Components Identification
Confusing resistors and capacitors by their appearance; resistors have color bands, capacitors come in many forms but often have polarity markings.
Electronics Information Explained
Electronic Devices and Components Identification
Misunderstanding the difference between active (amplifies/controls) and passive (limits/stores) components.
Electronics Information Explained
Electronic Devices and Components Identification
Incorrectly identifying the function of a diode versus a transistor; diodes are one-way gates, transistors are switches/amplifiers.
Electronics Information Explained